Plant Genotype

Plant genotype refers to the complete genetic makeup of a cannabis plant, distinct from its phenotype (observable traits). Understanding genotype is fundamental to cannabis breeding because it determines the potential expression of cannabinoids, terpenes, morphology, and growing characteristics across different environments. Genotype is inherited from parent plants and remains constant regardless of growing conditions, whereas phenotype results from genotype interacting with light, nutrients, temperature, and other environmental factors. Breeders working with stable genetics aim to identify and preserve genotypes that consistently produce desired trait combinations. Accurate genotype documentation through lineage records and controlled crosses is essential for reproducible cultivar development.

Breeders prioritize genotype mapping to predict offspring traits and select parent plants that carry desirable alleles. Stabilizing genotypes through multiple generations of self-pollination or controlled crossing produces consistent seed lines and predictable growing outcomes.