Phenotype

Phenotype refers to the observable physical and chemical characteristics of a cannabis plant, including leaf morphology, flower structure, trichome density, and terpene/cannabinoid profiles. These traits result from both genetic expression (genotype) and environmental conditions such as light, temperature, nutrients, and growing medium. In breeding documentation, phenotype stability is critical—identical seeds from the same cross may express different phenotypes depending on cultivation variables. Breeders often identify and stabilize 'elite phenotypes' by selecting plants that consistently express desired traits across multiple generations. Understanding phenotype variation helps cultivators recognize that a strain name alone does not guarantee identical results, as environmental factors significantly influence final plant expression.

Cannabis breeders use phenotypic selection to isolate and stabilize desirable traits for commercial or research lines. Identifying consistent phenotypes within a seed population is fundamental to creating true-breeding cultivars and maintaining genetic integrity across crop cycles.