Phenotype Definition

A phenotype is the observable physical expression of a cannabis plant's genetics under specific environmental conditions. Unlike genotype (the genetic blueprint itself), phenotype encompasses visible traits—plant height, leaf shape, flower density, color, terpene profile, and growth rate. Breeders distinguish phenotypes within a single strain because identical genetic material can express differently based on light, temperature, humidity, soil composition, and cultivation technique. Understanding phenotype variation is fundamental to cannabis breeding, as it allows cultivators and breeders to select for desired traits while recognizing that the same seed may produce noticeably different plants across environments. Phenotype documentation helps standardize strain descriptions and guides parent selection in breeding programs.

Breeders select and stabilize phenotypes through successive generations to establish consistent plant types within a cultivar. Phenotype hunting—growing multiple seeds and identifying superior expressions—remains a core breeding strategy for isolating desired morphology, resin production, and aroma profiles before inbreeding or hybridization.