Tetraploid Plants

Tetraploid plants contain four sets of chromosomes (4n) instead of the typical two sets (2n) found in diploid cannabis. This chromosomal doubling can occur naturally or be induced through breeding techniques using colchicine or other mitotic disruptors. Tetraploid cannabis plants often exhibit larger flowers, increased leaf surface area, and potentially denser trichome production compared to their diploid counterparts. Breeders have long pursued tetraploid lines to explore morphological and chemical trait expression. However, tetraploid cannabis remains relatively uncommon in commercial cultivation due to reduced fertility, slower growth rates, and unpredictable cannabinoid or terpene profiles compared to diploid or haploid-derived lines.

Tetraploid induction is a specialized breeding tool used to create novel trait combinations, enlarge floral structures, or investigate how chromosome doubling affects secondary metabolite accumulation. Breeders working with polyploid lines often cross them back to diploid parents to stabilize desired traits while restoring fertility and vigor.