Terpene Synthases

Terpene synthases are enzymes responsible for catalyzing the formation of terpenes from precursor molecules like geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). In cannabis, these enzymes directly determine which volatile compounds accumulate in trichomes, influencing the plant's aromatic profile. Different terpene synthase genes activate under various developmental and environmental conditions, creating the chemical diversity observed across cultivars. Understanding terpene synthase expression helps explain why genetically similar plants can produce notably different terpene ratios.

Breeders working with terpene expression often select for parental lines showing consistent terpene synthase activity patterns. Mapping terpene synthase gene expression across generations helps predict and stabilize aromatic phenotypes in offspring.