Phytochemistry

Phytochemistry refers to the chemical compounds naturally produced by plants, including cannabis. In cannabis breeding and cultivation, phytochemistry encompasses the study of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolites that develop in plant tissues. Breeders working in cannabis genetics frequently analyze phytochemical profiles to understand strain characteristics, stability, and consistency across generations. The phytochemical composition of cannabis is influenced by genetics, environmental conditions, and harvest timing. Understanding phytochemistry is foundational for lineage documentation, as different cultivars often display distinct chemical signatures that help identify parentage and predict offspring traits.

Breeders use phytochemical analysis—including gas chromatography and mass spectrometry—to validate strain genetics, confirm crosses, and select parent plants with desired chemical profiles. Tracking phytochemical expression across generations helps establish breeding lines with repeatable and stable phenotypes.