Major Cannabinoids

Major cannabinoids—primarily THC and CBD—are the most abundant and studied phytochemicals in cannabis. Rather than volatile aromatic compounds like terpenes, cannabinoids are non-volatile lipophilic molecules that form in trichomes during flowering. Breeding programs have historically selected for high-THC phenotypes, though CBD-dominant and balanced THC:CBD cultivars have become increasingly common in modern genetics. Cannabinoid profiles are controlled by multiple genes and environmental factors, making them a central focus in strain development and lineage documentation.

Breeders use cannabinoid ratios as primary selection criteria, crossing for desired THC potency, CBD expression, or specific ratios sought in therapeutic or consumer markets. Stabilizing cannabinoid production across generations requires multi-year phenotype screening and backcrossing programs.