Genotype Phenotype

Genotype and phenotype represent fundamental concepts in cannabis breeding rather than a single terpene. Genotype refers to the plant's complete genetic code inherited from parent plants, while phenotype describes the observable characteristics—including terpene profiles, aromas, plant structure, and growth patterns—that result from genotype interacting with environmental conditions. In cannabis cultivation and breeding, understanding this distinction is critical because identical genetic material (same genotype) can express notably different terpene compositions and aromatic profiles depending on temperature, light, soil chemistry, and harvest timing. Breeders rely on phenotype expression to select parent plants for seed development, but recognize that a desirable phenotype may not consistently reproduce across generations without careful genetic stabilization. This relationship between

Breeders use genotype-phenotype understanding to identify and stabilize desirable terpene profiles across seed generations. Selecting phenotypes with target aroma characteristics requires multiple growing cycles to confirm whether traits are genetically fixed or environmentally influenced, informing decisions about backcrossing, inbreeding, or hybrid development.