Genetic Polymorphisms

Genetic polymorphisms refer to naturally occurring variations in DNA sequences within cannabis populations, affecting terpene production and expression. These variations exist at specific loci and can influence which terpenes a plant synthesizes, their abundance, and volatility profiles. Polymorphisms are particularly relevant in terpene synthase genes—the enzymes responsible for terpene biosynthesis—where single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other mutations create measurable differences between individuals. Understanding these polymorphic loci helps explain why genetically similar strains sometimes express distinct aromatic profiles. Breeders studying polymorphisms can predict terpene outcomes and target specific genetic markers to stabilize desired chemotypes across generations.

Breeders use polymorphism mapping to identify and select for consistent terpene profiles within breeding lines. Knowledge of these genetic variations enables more predictable outcomes when crossing strains and helps preserve rare chemotype expressions.