Dominant Recessive Alleles

Dominant and recessive alleles are fundamental genetic concepts that govern terpene expression in cannabis plants. A dominant allele expresses its phenotype even when paired with a recessive allele (heterozygous condition), while recessive alleles only manifest when two copies are present (homozygous recessive). In cannabis breeding, terpene profiles are influenced by multiple genes, each with dominant and recessive variants that interact to produce the final aromatic compound spectrum. Understanding these inheritance patterns helps breeders predict offspring terpene compositions and stabilize desirable aromatic profiles across generations. This Mendelian framework applies to individual terpene synthase genes and regulatory sequences controlling monoterpene and sesquiterpene production.

Breeders use dominant/recessive allele knowledge to selectively cross plants and increase the frequency of desired terpene-producing alleles in their lines. By tracking heterozygous and homozygous genotypes across generations, cultivators can stabilize terpene-rich phenotypes and predict trait expression in F1, F2, and backcross generations.