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Genetics 101

Mendelian inheritance in cannabis (the simple version)

Why your F1 cross looks uniform and your F2 batch is all over the place.

1 min read2026-05-2620 views1 readers finished

Cannabis is a flowering plant, and like every flowering plant, it inherits its traits the same way Gregor Mendel's peas did. You don't need a biology degree to use this — you just need three ideas.

The three ideas

  • Every trait is controlled by a pair of genes — one from mom, one from dad.
  • Some versions of a gene are dominant. The dominant one wins when both are present.
  • When you cross two pure-breeding parents, the first generation (F1) looks the same. When you cross two F1 plants together, the F2 generation splits.
F1 vs F2 in practice
F1 (first cross)
  • Plants look uniform — strong hybrid vigor
  • Phenos are tight and predictable
  • Best for the consistent commercial bag
F2 (sibling cross)
  • Plants vary wildly across the tray
  • Recessive traits show up — color, terpene, structure
  • Best for phenotype hunters looking for rare keepers
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