Polyploid

Polyploid cannabis plants contain more than two complete sets of chromosomes, contrasting with diploid (2n) plants that carry the standard two sets. Natural polyploidy occasionally occurs in cannabis populations, while breeders intentionally induce polyploidy through colchicine treatment or other methods to explore altered growth patterns and trait expression. Tetraploid (4n) and triploid (3n) plants are the most commonly studied forms in breeding programs. Polyploid specimens often display larger leaves, thicker stems, and modified flowering characteristics, though viability and fertility can be unpredictable. Research into polyploid cannabis remains limited compared to diploid breeding, making lineage records sparse and outcomes variable across growing conditions.

Breeders working with polyploidy aim to create novel phenotypes, investigate sterility barriers for hybrid stability, or assess whether chromosome doubling produces commercially distinct traits. Polyploid breeding remains experimental; most commercial cultivation relies on diploid genetics.