Terpene Expression Traits

Terpene expression traits refer to the genetic factors that influence which volatile compounds a cannabis plant produces and in what relative proportions. These traits are polygenic—controlled by multiple genes—and interact with environmental conditions like temperature, light, and soil composition. Breeders classify strains by their dominant terpene profiles, such as myrcene-dominant, limonene-forward, or pinene-rich lineages. Understanding terpene expression helps breeders select parent plants likely to produce offspring with consistent aromatic and flavor characteristics. Expression can vary significantly between phenotypes within the same genetic line, making phenotype selection a key breeding strategy.

Breeders use terpene expression traits to stabilize desired aromatic profiles across generations and to identify parent plants with complementary terpene genetics. Selective breeding for specific terpene dominance—such as high myrcene or balanced monoterpene blends—allows breeders to develop consistent strain families with recognizable sensory signatures.