Solvent Extraction

Solvent extraction is a post-harvest processing method in which cannabis flower or trim is immersed in or percolated through a chemical solvent—commonly ethanol, butane, propane, or hexane—to dissolve cannabinoids, terpenes, and other plant compounds into a liquid medium. The solvent is then evaporated or purged, leaving behind a concentrated extract. This classification encompasses various extract types including oils, waxes, shatters, and crumbles, distinguished by post-processing techniques and final texture rather than the solvent chemistry itself. Solvent extraction remains widespread in both regulated and craft operations due to relatively high yield efficiency and the ability to produce diverse product forms from a single feedstock. Understanding solvent choice, safety protocols, and residual solvent limits is essential for breeders and processors evaluating raw material suitabili

Breeders select for cultivars with high terpene and cannabinoid density to maximize extraction efficiency and final yield. Flower structure, resin production, and terpene stability under solvent contact inform cultivar recommendations for extraction-focused supply chains.