Genotyping

Genotyping is the laboratory process of identifying specific genetic sequences within cannabis plants, typically through DNA analysis or marker-assisted testing. This technique allows breeders and researchers to determine a plant's genetic makeup at the molecular level, distinct from phenotype (observable traits). Genotyping enables precise documentation of parentage, identification of recessive alleles, and verification of genetic purity in breeding lines. Common methods include SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) testing and microsatellite analysis. Genotyping data supports selective breeding programs by revealing hidden genetic information before plants express visible characteristics, accelerating development timelines.

Breeders use genotyping data to confirm hybrid lineages, identify desirable genetic markers linked to cannabinoid profiles or terpene production, and eliminate undesired recessive traits early in selection cycles. This accelerates breeding efficiency by reducing reliance on large phenotypic trials and supports claims of genetic stability in cultivar registration.