Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis

Sesquiterpene biosynthesis refers to the metabolic pathway by which cannabis plants produce sesquiterpenes—fifteen-carbon volatile compounds that contribute significantly to strain aroma and terpene profiles. These molecules are synthesized through the isoprenoid pathway, where farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) serves as the precursor for various sesquiterpene synthase enzymes. Different sesquiterpene synthases produce distinct compounds such as caryophyllene, humulene, and β-myrcene, each imparting characteristic aromatic notes. Genetic variation in sesquiterpene synthase expression and activity is a primary driver of aroma diversity across cannabis varieties. Understanding sesquiterpene biosynthesis helps breeders identify and stabilize desirable aromatic chemotypes in breeding lines.

Breeders select for sesquiterpene synthase activity and expression levels to develop stable aromatic profiles across generations. Marker-assisted selection targeting sesquiterpene biosynthesis genes allows producers to accelerate development of consistent chemotypes with predictable aroma characteristics.