Secondary Metabolism

Secondary metabolism in cannabis refers to the biochemical pathways that produce compounds beyond primary growth necessities—notably cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. These molecules accumulate in trichomes and are distinct from primary metabolites (proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids) required for basic plant function. Secondary metabolites are often lineage-dependent, with genetic expression influenced by cultivar, growing conditions, and developmental stage. Understanding secondary metabolism is foundational to cannabis breeding, as these compounds define chemotype expression and phenotypic variation across strain families. Breeders and researchers study secondary metabolism profiles to select for consistency, novelty, or specific terpene/cannabinoid ratios in commercial and research populations.

Breeders selectively work with secondary metabolism to stabilize desired chemotypes, enhance terpene expression, or develop novel cannabinoid ratios. Monitoring secondary metabolite production across generations helps establish predictable phenotypes and supports marker-assisted selection strategies in seed development.