Phenotype Vs Genotype

Phenotype and genotype are fundamental concepts in cannabis breeding that describe different aspects of a plant's identity. Genotype refers to the plant's genetic code—the inherited DNA passed down from parent plants—while phenotype describes the observable characteristics that result from both genetics and environmental conditions. A single genotype can produce multiple phenotypes depending on factors like light, temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability. In cannabis breeding, understanding this distinction is critical because two plants with identical genetics may express different aromatic, structural, or cannabinoid profiles based on growing conditions. Breeders track both traits to stabilize desired characteristics across generations and predict offspring performance.

Breeders use phenotype observation to select parent plants for desired traits, while tracking genotype through controlled crosses to ensure consistency. Stabilizing a phenotype across multiple grows requires isolating the genetic components responsible for specific aromas, structures, or cannabinoid production.