Phenotype Genotype

Phenotype and genotype are foundational concepts in cannabis breeding and genetics documentation. Genotype refers to the actual genetic code inherited from parent plants, while phenotype describes the observable physical traits—plant structure, leaf morphology, bud density, and aroma profiles—that result from genotype interacting with growing conditions. The same genotype can produce different phenotypes under varying light, temperature, soil, and nutrient regimens, which is why seed-sourced cannabis shows phenotypic variation even within a single strain family. Understanding this distinction is critical for breeders selecting stable parent lines and for cultivators recognizing that environmental factors shape expressed characteristics beyond what DNA alone determines.

Breeders use phenotypic selection to identify and stabilize desirable traits across generations, while genotypic analysis (via testing labs) helps confirm genetic purity and parentage. Documenting phenotype variation within a genetic line informs strain stabilization efforts and guides decisions about line-breeding versus hybridization strategies.